To restore the physiology of the nasal cavity, surgical intervention is often used, the result of which is correction of the nasal septum. Otolaryngologists refer most of their patients for X-ray examination, and then for surgery. The problem of curvature of the nasal septum is very common, but not as trivial as many people think. People who tolerate such conditions tend to be more likely than others to suffer from sinusitis, sinusitis, resulting in oxygen starvation and disruption of metabolic processes in the body.
The cause of curvature
There are only 3 main causes of this problem - genetics, compensation or trauma. Often, doctors are confronted with the genetic cause of curvature of the nasal septum - an abnormal nasal cavity structure that can develop due to a person’s improper intrauterine development.
This is manifested in the displacement or deformation of bone or cartilage tissue in this area, the appearance of ridge -like protrusions, consolidation of certain tissue types, and so on.
Traumatic causes are also common in our time, which can naturally happen to many athletes, military people and other categories of people who professionally (or otherwise) have the possibility of a broken nose.
Mechanical action injures the nose (not even necessary to break it in this case), the nasal septum is replaced, reducing the internal cavity on one side. This condition is more dangerous in adolescence, when bone and cartilage tissue is actively growing. Under the compensatory causes of curvature of the nasal septum, experts understand the process of adenoid growth, the occurrence of polyps in the nose, frequent swelling of rhinitis, as well as the formation of piercings or barbells in the nose.
What is the operation for?
If rhinoplasty is purely aesthetic and cosmetic in nature and only influences external factors, then surgery to correct the nasal septum has a large list of medical prescriptions.
Such a surgical intervention can correct the shape of the nose, but first of all, it is needed to restore the health of the organ, and not its beauty.
If such surgery is not performed in a timely manner, serious health complications may occur, including:
- violation of the permission of nasal breathing, expressed in the fact that it is difficult for a person to inhale air through his nose;
- disturbances in the nasal cavity air dynamics; disruption of the protective function of the mucous membrane;
- occurrence of oxygen starvation in the body; occurrence of sneezing, spasms of the larynx and other reflex disorders;
- frequent migraines;
- occurrence of somatic cough.
Indications and contraindications for surgery
Surgery to correct the curvature of the nasal septum is performed after a thorough examination of the patient. To initiate such an examination, the physician must analyze the oral complaints he or she may hear from the patient.
For example, you can think of such a diagnosis if there is frequent rhinitis or sinusitis, functional obstruction of one of the nostrils of the patient, changes in the shape of the nose, the occurrence of runny nose, frequent allergic reactions and snoring at night. With two or more similar complaints, fluoroscopy is prescribed, with the help of a confirmed or refuted diagnosis. X-ray images will describe the nature of the defect, as well as its type and shape.
Upon receipt of this information, the specialist can determine which operation should be performed in this case. Sometimes the diagnosis is made using rhinoscopy without the use of x-rays.
The main indications for surgical intervention to correct the nasal septum are significant deformities, internal cysts, aneurysms in this area, or even patient complaints about a sharp deterioration in well -being. Also, indications for surgery will be metabolic disorders, which arise as a result of oxygen starvation, sinusitis, rhinitis, difficulty breathing nasal and respiratory transitions through the mouth.
All symptoms and diseases of the upper respiratory tract if the curvature of the nasal septum are very closely related to each other.
Difficulty breathing is caused by narrowing of the nasal space, which also increases the chances of bacteria entering the nasal passages. For this reason, people who suffer from sinusitis, rhinitis and other diseases in this area, more often than others, suffer from severe sinusitis, which turns into a chronic stage. All of the above diseases cause a painful sensation in the head and upper part of the face. Such symptoms are a reason to immediately see a doctor.
With the placement of the pituitary tumor, it is also possible to perform surgery to restore the nasal septum. This becomes possible through the use of transseptal transpheptoid access. Surgical intervention like this is also performed in cosmetic rhinoplasty, because in this case there is a need for donor cartilage, the source of which can be the nasal septum.
There are not many contraindications to such a surgical intervention. You should not perform surgery like this for pregnant women, nursing mothers who suffer from type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, with cancer, in old age.
It is also impossible to intervene with excessive septal perforation, with cocaine addiction, Wegener’s granulomatosis, malignant lymphoma and T and B cell proliferation. In this case, you can see a doctor about the correction of the nasal septum using a laser.
Variety of surgical interventions
If severe curvature of the nasal septum is detected, surgery is recommended as soon as possible. This will determine in the future the general well -being and state of health of the patient. In this case, surgery can be performed in two ways - by submucosal resection or using endoscopic septoplasty.
The classic technique of nasal septum correction is submucosal resection. In this case, the surgeon makes a small -sized arcuate incision in the front of the septal cartilage, dissects the mucous membrane, and then the cartilage is curved. Then the cartilage is separated from the perichondrium using a special tool, the parts that need correction are removed, while the upper level of the cartilage is not affected.
The bone septum was removed using a special instrument, the upper layers of the mucous membranes, periosteum and perichondrium were repaired and repaired with a cotton swab. During this operation, no sutures will be applied to the face due to the rapid regeneration ability of the operated tissue.
Defective nasal septum can be healed in a more gentle way - with the help of endoscopic septoplasty.
This modern technique, using intranasal endoscopy, diagnoses the defective area, its nature, and helps remove all unnecessary through micro -incisions of the mucous membrane. Along with endoscopy, this technique involves the use of microsurgical instruments, as well as computer monitors, which display the entire operation.
In modern medicine, they prefer to use a second surgical method, although both are very effective. Endoscopy helps prevent increased trauma, complications, and encourages early recovery of all nasal functions.
Due to the complications and side effects of any type of intervention, bleeding occurs in the nasal mucosa, the occurrence of bleeding, abscesses, abscesses, and purulent sinusitis and deformity are also possible.
In the short period after surgery, it is necessary to wear a turundas for support and rehabilitation, as well as a gauze correction bandage on the nasal area. The patient can breathe only through the mouth, until the fourth or fifth day, when nasal breathing can recover.
During the postoperative period, the specialist monitors the patient, removes blood crusts, rinses the nose. Often, doctors prescribe painkillers to patients, because the nose can hurt. If there is a risk of wound infection, antibiotics are given. Once a patient is discharged from the hospital, he or she should be monitored weekly by an otolaryngologist to monitor the progress of wound healing and restore nasal health. At the same time, until the doctor's order, you can not do physical activity and eat pepper.
In addition to the two surgical techniques to restore the nasal septum, there are also laser techniques for non -surgical interventions. With laser septoplasty, when the mucous membranes are cut, the vessels are glued together, so there is no need to apply sutures after the treatment. After this therapy, there is no need to stay in the hospital, the operation itself is performed outpatiently under local anesthesia. An hour after laser correction, the patient can leave the hospital wall.